What Is MPERS?

Have you heard of MPERS?

The term may sound technical, but the concept is easier to understand than it first appears.

Imagine that you run a small noodle stall. Your business is doing reasonably well, and you keep a notebook recording your daily sales:

• “Sold 50 bowls of noodles today and earned RM200.”

• “Sold 60 bowls tomorrow and earned RM240.”

This may be useful as a personal record, but it is not the same as a proper set of financial statements.

If you want a bank to consider providing a loan, an investor to consider investing in your business, or other stakeholders to understand your financial position, you need financial statements prepared using a recognised and consistent framework.

Financial statements provide a standardised way of presenting financial information so that different users can understand and assess the business more effectively.

From IFRS to IFRS for SMEs and MPERS

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develops the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

However, full IFRS can be complex for smaller entities. This is why the IASB developed the IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard, a simplified framework designed for small and medium-sized entities that do not have public accountability.

MPERS is Malaysia’s local version of the IFRS for SMEs framework.

MPERS stands for Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards. In simple terms, it is a set of accounting requirements designed to help eligible Malaysian private entities prepare financial statements in a clear, consistent and structured manner.

MPERS as a Malaysian Adaptation

A useful way to understand MPERS is to compare it with an international product that is adapted for local conditions.

The IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard provides the international foundation. MASB then makes selected modifications to reflect Malaysian laws, tax arrangements and business circumstances.

The international framework may focus on whether an entity has public accountability. MPERS instead uses the Malaysian concept of a private entity, together with the relevant eligibility criteria under Malaysian requirements.

The two approaches are similar in purpose, but MPERS is adapted to the Malaysian environment.

The Development of MPERS

The Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) developed MPERS as a reporting framework for Malaysian private entities.

MPERS became effective on 1 January 2016.

As the IFRS for SMEs framework is reviewed and updated periodically, MPERS also requires updates from time to time.

In October 2023, MASB introduced a limited amendment relating to Pillar Two, an international tax reform initiative.

In October 2025, MASB issued a major revision, updating MPERS from the 2016 version to the 2025 version.

MPERS 2025 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027, with early application permitted.

This development reflects the continuing evolution of the framework. Since its initial implementation in 2016, MPERS has developed into a more mature and updated reporting framework for eligible Malaysian private entities.

What Does MPERS Include?

MPERS is more than a collection of individual accounting rules. It consists of a broader reporting package that includes:

1. Preface

The Preface explains the background, purpose and use of MPERS.

2. Thirty-Five Sections

Each Section addresses a particular accounting topic.

For example:

• Section 1: Small and medium-sized entities and the eligibility of private entities;

• Section 2: Concepts and pervasive principles;

• Section 3: Financial statement presentation; and

• Section 35: Transition to MPERS.

The Sections collectively cover the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of a wide range of transactions and events.

3. Appendices

The appendices provide additional information, such as effective dates, terminology and other supporting material. Depending on their nature, some appendices may contain mandatory guidance while others may provide non-mandatory examples.

The Purpose of MPERS

MPERS is intended to make financial reporting more structured and manageable for eligible private entities while maintaining an international foundation.

It helps financial statement users understand a business’s:

• Financial position;

• Financial performance;

• Cash flows; and

• Accounting policies and significant judgements.

A bank should be able to assess the business’s financial position. An investor should be able to evaluate its performance and prospects. Other stakeholders should be able to rely on financial information prepared using a consistent framework.

MPERS does not eliminate the need for professional knowledge or judgement. Applying the standard in practice still requires proper accounting expertise. Its purpose is to provide a clearer and more proportionate framework, rather than to make financial reporting entirely automatic.

MPERS is a Malaysian reporting framework for eligible private entities, built on the international IFRS for SMEs foundation and adapted to the Malaysian environment.

CCS | Beyond Numbers

什么是 MPERS？一个简单易懂的故事

MPERS 到底是什么？

你听说过 MPERS 吗？

这个词听起来可能很专业，但它的概念其实没有想象中复杂。

想象一下，你是一名小企业老板，经营着一家面档。生意还不错，每个月都有一些收入。你平时用一本笔记簿记录每天的营业情况：

• “今天卖了 50 碗面，赚了 RM200。”

• “明天卖了 60 碗面，赚了 RM240。”

这本笔记簿可以作为日常记录，但它并不等于一套正式的财务报表。

如果你希望银行考虑提供贷款、投资者考虑投资，或其他利益相关者了解你的财务状况，就需要根据一套获认可且一致的会计框架编制财务报表。

财务报表提供了一种标准化的方式来呈现财务资料，让不同的使用者能够更有效地了解及评估企业。

从 IFRS 到 IFRS for SMEs，再到 MPERS

国际会计准则理事会（International Accounting Standards Board，IASB）负责制定国际财务报告准则（International Financial Reporting Standards，IFRS）。

不过，完整的 IFRS 对规模较小的实体来说可能较为复杂。因此，IASB 制定了 IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard，即为中小型实体设计的简化版财务报告框架，主要适用于不承担公众问责的实体。

MPERS 就是马来西亚根据 IFRS for SMEs 基础制定的本地报告框架。

MPERS 是 Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards 的简称，中文可译为马来西亚私营实体报告准则。

简单来说，MPERS 是一套帮助符合资格的马来西亚私人实体，以清晰、一致及有系统的方式编制财务报表的会计要求。

MPERS 是根据马来西亚情况调整的框架

可以把 MPERS 想象成一套根据本地情况作出调整的国际框架。

IFRS for SMEs 提供国际基础，而马来西亚会计准则委员会（MASB）则根据马来西亚的法律、税务安排及商业环境，在特定领域作出调整。

国际框架可能主要关注企业是否承担公众问责（Public Accountability）。而 MPERS 则采用马来西亚的**私营实体（Private Entity）**概念，并结合马来西亚相关要求下的适用资格进行判断。

两者的目标相近，但 MPERS 是根据马来西亚环境调整后的本地框架。

MPERS 的发展历程

马来西亚会计准则委员会（MASB）制定 MPERS，作为马来西亚私人实体适用的财务报告框架。

MPERS 于 2016 年 1 月 1 日开始生效。

由于 IFRS for SMEs 会定期进行检讨及更新，MPERS 也需要随着相关发展不时修订。

在 2023 年 10 月，MASB 作出一项有限度的修订，加入与 Pillar Two 有关的规定。Pillar Two 是一项国际税务改革措施。

在 2025 年 10 月，MASB 发布了一项较重大的修订，将 MPERS 从 2016 年版本更新至 2025 年版本。

MPERS 2025 适用于 2027 年 1 月 1 日或之后开始的年度期间，并允许提前采用。

这反映了 MPERS 持续发展的过程。自 2016 年开始实施以来，MPERS 已逐步发展成为一套更成熟、更新并适合符合资格的马来西亚私人实体使用的财务报告框架。

MPERS 包括什么？

MPERS 并不只是一组零散的会计规则，而是一套较完整的报告框架，主要包括以下内容：

1. 前言（Preface）

前言说明 MPERS 的背景、目的及使用方式。

2. 三十五个章节（Sections）

每个章节都针对不同的会计主题。

例如：

• **第 1 节：**中小型实体及私营实体的适用资格；

• **第 2 节：**概念及普遍适用的原则；

• **第 3 节：**财务报表列报；以及

• **第 35 节：**转换至 MPERS。

这些章节共同涵盖各种交易及事项的确认、计量、列报及披露。

3. 附录（Appendices）

附录提供额外资料，例如生效日期、术语说明及其他辅助内容。根据其性质，部分附录可能包含强制性指引，另一些则可能提供非强制性的示例。

MPERS 的目的

MPERS 的目标，是在保留国际基础的同时，为符合资格的私人实体提供一套更有系统、更容易管理的财务报告框架。

它帮助财务报表使用者了解企业的：

• 财务状况；

• 经营表现；

• 现金流量；以及

• 会计政策和重大判断。

银行应能够根据财务报表评估企业的财务状况。投资者应能够分析企业的经营表现及未来前景。其他利益相关者也应能够依赖根据一致框架编制的财务资料。

MPERS 并不会消除专业知识及会计判断的需要。实际应用准则时，企业仍然需要适当的会计专业能力。MPERS 的目的，是提供更清晰、更合适的财务报告框架，而不是让财务报告完全自动化。

MPERS 是一套供符合资格的马来西亚私人实体使用的财务报告框架，建立在 IFRS for SMEs 的国际基础之上，并根据马来西亚的实际环境作出调整。

CCS | Beyond Numbers