Internal Control Components: Information System and Communication
Management (and those charged with governance) requires reliable information to: This requires pertinent information to be identified, captured and communicated/distributed timely to personnel (at all levels of the entity) who need it for decision-making. 管理层（和负责管理的人）需要可靠的信息来： 这就要求相关的信息能够被识别、获取并及时传达/分发到需要决策的人员（在实体的各个层面）。 An information system consists of infrastructure (physical and hardware components), software, people, procedures, and data. Many information systems make […]
Internal Control Components: Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is the second of the five internal control elements. An effective risk assessment process implemented and maintained by management would provide important information needed to determine what business/fraud risks should be managed so that appropriate actions can be taken. 风险评估是五个内部控制要素中的第二个。 由管理层实施和维护的有效风险评估程序将提供所需的重要信息，以确定应管理哪些业务/欺诈风险，从而采取适当行动。 Management may initiate plans or programs or implement policies and procedures to […]
Internal Control Components: The Control Environment
The control environment is the foundation for effective internal control, providing discipline and structure for the entity. It sets the tone of an organisation, influencing its people’s control consciousness or awareness. The control environment addresses the governance and management functions. It also addresses the attitudes, awareness, and actions of those charged with governance and management […]
